Pilgrims stand patiently in line for hours to enter the heart of the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa, Tibet’s capital. An inner shrine contains the country’s most sacred statue, called the Jowo Rinpoche—a seated Buddha installed when Buddhism was adopted by Tibetan royalty in the seventh century. An ever present part of the lives of modern Tibetans, this religion remains the most important defining element of their culture.
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Thursday, December 31, 2009
Wednesday, December 30, 2009
Monday, December 28, 2009
《西藏生死書》讀後感
我從前對密教是有歧見的,因為讀過不少書籍,都說密教甚異於佛陀教旨。又因它的形式──祭醮禁咒之類過份紛繁,每與消災祈福有關,與佛教本身「滅執」的觀念相違,加上近代大儒章太炎亦云:「余以佛法不事天神,不當命為宗教,於密宗亦不能信。」1 所以從來沒有興趣和動力去翻閱密教經典和與它有關的著作。可是今次讀過了索甲仁波切 (Sogyal Rinpoche) 2所著的《西藏生死書》後,漸次對密教有了改觀,而且對西藏人民的個性和風俗生活都有若干瞭解,原來他們對生命和生命終結是看待得如此有特色和深度。整體說,本書拓闊了我的視野,整體上,我看到此書的宗旨其實是在教人:如何活得知覺、如何死得輕鬆自在。
本書名為「生死書」,必然與生死有關。作者在《西藏生死書》的第二章已先提綱挈領的點出了眾人不可迴避而又忌諱、畏懼、排斥的話題:死亡──「我們總有一天會死;其次,我們不知何時或如何死,而我們就把它當做藉口,延遲對死亡的正視。我們就像小孩子玩捉迷藏一樣,蒙住眼睛以為別人看不到我們。」、「生者必死,聚者必散,積者必竭,立者必倒,高者必墜」開章明義便以「無常」作為大前題,在「無常」的範圍下,任何忌諱、迴避、夢想、自以為幸福常隨我等觀念和行為,都變成了全無力量和意義。人們因不瞭解「無常」的可怕,才作出種種沒有正視生死的行為。書中常有一些名句:「今晚脫下鞋和襪,明朝不知穿不穿?」、「今晚用過了杯子,明朝不知會不會再用?」索甲在書中更引述了科學家對「生」的泉源的看法:
「每一個次原子的互動,都包含原來粒子的毀滅和新粒子的產生。次原子世界不斷在生滅,質量變成能量,能量變成質量。稍縱即逝的形狀突然出現,又突然消失了,創造一種永無盡期、永遠創新的實體。」(頁44)均令人加倍地感受到生命的脆弱及世間的無常。我看過一本有關生物學的書,作者說人體的細胞日日夜夜地新陳代謝,平均每七年已把整個身體完全換掉,即是說:七年前的我(身體)已死亡了,現在的我的身軀絕不是七年前的身軀。可是,以往的記憶、鏡中的影象和不知不覺的愚昧,把人人都騙了,這不能不說是另一種「癡迷」。
作者在書中除了談死外,當然也有談生。可是,索甲的談生並非條條公式和方案的去指導人們怎樣活得快樂,而是通過死,去引證生的意義。只有同時將生死共談,才能把生命說得完整。生與死實如一個銅板的兩面,兩者相依相存,不能只有一面,而沒有另一面。索甲的言生,我覺得重點是在「明白自己的心」這方面(如〈第四章.反省與改變〉、〈第四章.心性〉、〈第五章.把心帶回家〉。)心,是不斷轉變的,每一刻也沒有固定思維路線,它影響著我們在「生活」中的念頭和行為,念頭和行為便是影響「生」孰苦孰樂的東西,因此作者便有意地提出正視內心的說法。
其實人之所以在生活中煩惱恐懼,實因內心無法純淨,處事待人往往是百般思索、千般計較,因此輕鬆快樂不來。內心無法純淨的源頭是內心的「三毒」-貪、瞋、癡,推動身、口、意三方面都種下無數三毒成份的業因,於是眾生便得受苦果。現今社會長久以來都偏重科技工商發展、追逐經濟利益、計較國與國的仇恨和利害;在學校裡,只知道成績至上,成績便是生活幸福的泉源,而不知道分數以外還有甚麼意義。這些美其名叫奮鬥,可惜俱只是尋求現實享樂的行徑,對於使「肉身」安樂有利,但,對於肉身以外的精神無益。由是因缺乏於人文心靈灌溉,所以造成心靈迷失、人性淪喪,對於人性價值便多有扭曲。許多人在不知不覺中鄙視精神價值,人生便欠缺更積極、更有意義的目標,個個為目前利益,也不必增長對他人的關心,而社會亂象叢生、治安惡化,最終也得歸咎於精神匱乏,物慾熾盛所致。這些不好的情況,按佛教的理論而言就是一種妄執,樣樣都以自我為依歸,不肯放棄屬於「我」有關的東西,因此便永遠生活在「十八界」3 的器世間之中。索甲在書中提到:
「學習生活就是學習放下,害怕放下是害怕生活,當能放下時,看待事物的方式就會改變,越深刻,越寬廣。」(頁55)他說的「放下」,便是佛教的其中一項重要哲學──「捨」,如佛教《大乘義章.二》說:「內心平等,名之為捨。」同十二云:「亡懷稱捨,心無存著故曰亡懷。」可見內心平等而無執著,便是捨。如果人在生時,能捨棄對名利物慾及錯誤觀念的堅執,便能活得更快樂;人面對死亡時,能捨棄對生的狂戀,便沒有掙扎和恐懼的痛苦,所以索甲才說:「放下執著時,大慈悲心就會產生,生命便是在教我們如何發掘善心,並實現它,而生命中的逆境,都在示現無常」。(頁57) 這便是索甲在「生」方面供我們參考的道理。
「凡是不知道如何活著的人,也沒有能力面對死亡,凡是害怕面對死亡的人,其實怕的是生命」懂得生命脆弱的人,才知道生命的可貴、才會認真看待生命。生死並談,可以令人對於死亡有所準備,同時也可以剷除了長久以來蟄伏在內心深處那份對「死亡」莫名的恐懼。如果我們希望死得好,就必須學習如何活得好;如果我們希望死得安詳,就必須在心中和日常生活中培養安詳。我覺得作者最高明的地方,便是能由「生」中看「死」了。
關於死的方面,索甲提出盡量把身外之物都先分配好,並寫好遺囑,後請個律師做見證,再來就是在臨終前能「一人獨處」在一個寧靜安祥的環境裡不受任何人的干擾。我覺得在一個人臨終前如有親人、朋友在身邊的話,一定會更捨不得離開人世。所以還是一個人在安祥、無牽掛的環境裡慢慢地結束自己的生命較好,而且親人、朋友一旦哭哭啼啼,又或是說了些令自己愧咎、憤怒的說話,使臨終者生了惡心,就更不好了。當然,選擇有沒有親朋陪伴,是因人而異的,或許親朋們與臨終者都有共同信念與他/她一同祈禱、一樣安祥,這麼,一人獨處便不須要了。
我覺得從喪親喪朋的經歷中也可以學到一些知識。例如親人的死亡會強逼一個人直接正視自己的生命、強迫自己去發現尚未發現的人生目的,也可以讓一個人更關心、珍惜那些目前還活著的親人。例如去年我有一位堂兄患病去世了、兩位朋友因意外及輕生相繼離世,自己是完全沒有預計到上一次和他們見面竟是最後一次見面,現在想起來也百般無奈和感慨,誠如書中所述:「死亡是真實的,而且會毫無預警的降臨。」
《西藏生死書》還提供讀者,不僅是有關死亡和臨終的情景描述。其中有實際的方法,可以用來了解死亡的真相,並幫助自己和別人死得「寧靜而充實」,這便是索甲介紹的「頗瓦法」──把意識射入本覺的虛空中。它是一種將自己的心溶入自己所信仰的任何神明或聖人裡,欲以達至平安的方法。頗瓦法可以讓人感受到一種心靈的寄托和自我的信心。索甲在書中經常引用公元七世紀蓮花生著的《中陰聞教得度》4 ,我想此書對他的啟發很大,而他在書中也大量引述西藏僧人的生死觀和臨死態度,這些都是他親身見聞過的,令人推想到他的密宗知識是十分充實的。
此外,索甲在書中也有一些很現代的見解。例如捐贈器官問題,他是很支持的;而現代有人發明把一個人的身體或頭部冷凍起來,等到有一天醫學進步可以使之復蘇的技術,則理智地說道:「(這是)誘引一個人的神識悲劇性地增加對肉體的執著,因此會更加痛苦,並且阻礙轉世。一位上師把這種器官冷凍比喻?直接進入寒冰地獄,甚至沒有經過中陰境界。」(頁462)可見他對現代社會的動向是有關注的,不是如傳統式的西藏僧人一生只在寺院裡說教。
綜觀《西藏生死書》是一本切合於現代人的書,書中所談都是人人切身的問題。作者又能以個人的見聞和宗教去闡述生死問題,在闡述中又流露出對其他宗教的尊敬,流露出一種廣闊的胸襟。雖然書中偶有一些佛教(尤其密宗)的專有名詞,可能會令讀者茫無頭緒,但也同時具有深一層思索的意義。又書中提到的佛教修持行為,亦可令初聽聞者感到突兀。最終,這些佛事其實是要讓人人知道因凡夫意志薄弱,固此要藉念經、禪坐等形式化行為,讓生命中的「佛界」湧現,產生堅強的意志力和自省力,從而導正自己的言行舉止,所以「學佛」並非逃避現實,也非如歐美某時期的時髦潮流,更非只是精神的慰藉,而是將佛法融入現實生活中去實踐「人間淨土」。如索甲說:「一切都可以成就佛行,佛性就是活在當下, 隨時面對真我,並持續流露靈感泉源。」(頁112) 「佛性就是活在當下」即是將人間知覺化,本書宗旨也在此吧。
最後以索甲仁波切在其另一本著作《生死無懼》中的說話作結:
「我們今生此刻所做的每件事都存在著一種危險:未來可能要替現在的所作所為付出代價。所以我們要認真而急迫地,以智慧為死亡早做準備,轉化我們未來的業,避免一再掉入無明的悲劇之中,重蹈痛苦的生死輪迴。今生是我們唯一可透過修行做準備的機會,這是此生的自然中不能逃避的訊息。」
梁偉民
Saturday, December 26, 2009
Thursday, December 24, 2009
Sogyal Rinpoche
A a world-renowned Buddhist teacher from Tibet, Sogyal Rinpoche is also the author of the highly acclaimedThe Tibetan Book of Living and Dying. Born in Kham in Eastern Tibet, Sogyal Rinpoche was recognized at an early age as the incarnation of a great master and visionary saint of the nineteenth century, Tertön Sogyal Lerab Lingpa (1856-1926), a teacher to the thirteenth Dalai Lama. He received the traditional training of a Tibetan lama under the close supervision of Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö, one of the most outstanding spiritual masters of the twentieth century, who raised Rinpoche like his own son.
He went on to study with many other great masters, of all schools of Tibetan Buddhism, especially Kyabjé Dudjom Rinpoche and Kyabjé Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche. In 1971, Rinpoche went to England, where he also studied Comparative Religion at Cambridge University.First as a translator and aide to his revered masters, and then teaching in his own right, Rinpoche traveled to many countries, observing the reality of people’s lives, and searching how to translate the teachings of Tibetan Buddhism so as to make them relevant to modern men and women of all faiths, by drawing out their universal message while losing none of their authenticity, purity and power.
Out of this was born his unique style of teaching, and his ability to attune these teachings to modern life, demonstrated so vividly in his ground-breaking book, The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying.
More than two million copies have been printed in fifty-six countries and in thirty-one languages.Rinpoche is also the founder and spiritual director of Rigpa, an international network of over one hundred and thirty Buddhist centres and groups in forty countries around the world. He has been teaching for over thirty years and continues to travel widely in Europe, America, Australia and Asia.
Saturday, December 19, 2009
Friday, December 18, 2009
Sclerology Analysis- 12
Thursday, December 17, 2009
Sclerology Analysis- 11
1) Advanced critical stress spreading towards to kidney, indicate a tendency of kidney stress.
2) Advanced critical stress with short Y-fork showing a concentrated stress force towards gastrointestinal tract.
3) A sign of encapsulation stress in the lower abdomen areas - potential deficiency in digestion, absoprtion and elimination.
4) An extended critical stress line from the 3) that located in the pancreas area. A tendency of blood sugar imbalance and digestive disturbance.
1) Y- fork stress line extends to the spleen reflex area- a tendency of lymphatic congestion.
2) & 3) Pocket stress line- possible of parasite fermentation.
4) Reticulated stress line towards to kidney area.
5) Reticulated stress formed with encapsulated sign ( black dot ) - indicate a disturbance in elimination system.
Wednesday, December 16, 2009
Sclerology Analysis-10
1) Pituitary/ Pineal stress - Potential of emotional stress, headache and sleep disorder.
3) Digestion disturbance possible caused by emotional stress.
1) Nerve stress line as reflected the same in the right sclera.
Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Sclerology Analysis-9
right sclera
1) An advanced stress toward to pancreas reflex zone.2) Concentrated stress ( Y-fork) with black dot, indicate a high stress or blockages in the pancreas reflexive area. Suggestion of checking blood sugar level and possible deficiency in digestive enzyme.
3) Various encapsulation stress in the colon zone, indicate a potential of parasite involvement. Further confirmation of conducting the Foot Glyphology is required.
left sclera
1) An advanced stress / reticulated stress line spreading to uterus zone.
2a), 2b) 2 Y-fork stress lines spreading from the colon, potential of digestion problem.
3) Pocket stress indicate a pontential of bacterial or parasite infection.
4) Y stress spreading towards bladder or ( coccyx area- analyzing pupil tonus is required. )
Monday, December 14, 2009
Iridology Analysis-27
Iridology Analysis-26
Iridology Analysis-25
1) Radial Furrow located in the brain zone, indicate possible of headache and emotional stress.
2) Cholesterol ring.
3) Stress ring.
4) Small lacunae/ crypys - possible of lung stress, bronchioles problem.
5) Possible of kidney stress.
2) Cholesterol ring.
3) Stress ring.
4) Small lacunae/ crypys - possible of lung stress, bronchioles problem.
5) Possible of kidney stress.
1) Skin disorder or allergic problem.
2)Crypt located in the lung reflex zone.
3) Stress rings - highly self-motivated, tension and stress.
4) Cholesterol ring.
5) Lacunae with loose fiber structure in the kidney zone, indicate possible of kidney problem.
6) Deep lacuna located in the bronchus reflex area.
7) Brown pigment, indicate liver stress.
Foot Glyphology Analysis- 42
1) Pinholes in the skin are linked with a type of an advanced fungal involvement in the reflective zone, and may posibble be an indicator of a terrain that is susceptible to an abnormal tissue profliferations.
2) Parallel lines indicates an excessive bacterial involvement throughout the GI-Tract.
Closer view on pinholes spread along the pancreas, spleen, stomach and colon reflex areas. Indiactes a severe problem in digestion, absoprtion and assimilation.
Wednesday, December 09, 2009
Monday, December 07, 2009
Osho Quotes on Life
It is very simple: pain is there because pleasure is there. Pleasure cannot exist without pain. If you want a life absolutely painless, then you will have to live a life absolutely pleasureless. They come together in one package. They are not two things really; they are one thing — not different, not separate, and cannot be separated.
Wednesday, November 11, 2009
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